{"id":310,"date":"2022-10-26T15:23:57","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T12:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/?p=310"},"modified":"2023-03-27T18:57:36","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T15:57:36","slug":"manual-accessibility-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/manual-accessibility-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Does Your Website Need Manual Accessibility Testing?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manual accessibility testing involves a manual inspection of your website or application to determine whether it is accessible to users with disabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to statistics, 15% of the world\u2019s population suffers from one disability or the other. 97.4% of websites all over the world do not offer full accessibility thereby alienating about 1 billion people from using the internet. Laws have been put in place to ensure that more businesses make their websites accessible to people with disabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is Manual Accessibility Testing?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A manual accessibility test is a manual inspection of your website or application to determine whether it is accessible to users with disabilities. It is essential to run this type of test to catch issues that an automated test may not find.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manually testing websites ensures that the website is as inclusive as possible and can reach the widest audience. In doing this, it is easier to get a clearer picture of how users interact with the content being shared and provides solutions for improvement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manual VS Automated Accessibility Testing<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a title=\"Top 5 Web Accessibility Audit Tools for 2022\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/top-5-web-accessibility-audit-tools-for-2022\/\">While automated tools are great<\/a>, they only find about 30% of errors and sometimes generate false positives. Automated accessibility allows you to identify accessibility issues throughout your digital presence, while manual testing is necessary for problems that require human scrutiny. Hence, accessibility auditors always recommend that humans get included in the accessibility testing process of a website.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, automated and manual testing are the best ways to ensure accessibility for most websites. There are some areas that humans can handle more efficiently than machines and vice versa.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manual Accessibility Testing Checklist<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are some of the vital things to be on the lookout for when conducting a manual accessibility test.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Testing Website with Screen Reader<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People with visual disabilities always rely on screen readers to navigate a website. There are several tools available like; ChromVox, Voiceover, and Jaws. Each screen reader may have slight differences in controls. To determine how accessible your content is for assistive technologies, manual testing is necessary. Several assistive situations like navigating menus, understanding where links lead, or alternative texts may be harder to replicate in an automated setting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Things to look out for when testing with a screen reader:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure the links are clear on where they are supposed to lead to<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Pop-ups appear, ensure that the screen reader acknowledges them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check that the screen reader does not read unnecessary content out loud, e.g, text in decorative images.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that the screen reader announces headings as headings, links as links, and so on.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure users can use a screen reader effectively for interactive elements like forms and search boxes. Confirm that all the headings on the page are listed and that they reflect the page structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Testing Website with a Keyboard<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many users with disabilities, especially those who use assistance tools, require the ability to navigate a website without using a mouse. For users with motor disabilities, mice or trackpads may not be an effective means of interacting with their computers because they require the use of fingers. Users with visual disabilities may find it difficult to find the cursor on the screen. These are the reasons why you must ensure that a disabled person can navigate your website with a keyboard.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to Test with a Keyboard:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use <\/span><b>Shift + Tab<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to navigate backward<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Press <\/span><b>Space<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to interact with buttons<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Press <\/span><b>Enter <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to activate a link or to interact with\u00a0 buttons<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use <\/span><b>Tab<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to navigate the form controls and links<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use the <\/span><b>Arrow keys <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to navigate horizontally and vertically<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Press <\/span><b>Escape<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to dismiss dialogues or menus<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Things to look out for when testing with a keyboard:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that the user can skip to the main content directly by providing a link that says skip to main content at the beginning of the web page.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that users can navigate every section of the web page by using the keyboard, including dialogue boxes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Navigation must be done in a logical format.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confirm that nothing is confined to the use of a mouse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that the users can navigate menu boxes with a keyboard.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Content Review<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The website\u2019s content must be accessible to users with disabilities and should follow the Website Content Accessibility Guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Things to look out for when performing content review:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that the content is written in plain English and is easy to understand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confirm that all headings appear in hierarchical order. There should be only one &lt;h1&gt; on each page.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Form controls should have descriptive labels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every alternative text should be concise, functional, and descriptive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check that every section of the page has a high color contrast. The contrast ratio should be at least 4:5:1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that content still makes sense after a user zooms in.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manual Accessibility Testing with Accessi.org<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to automated accessibility testing, <a title=\"Manual Accessibility Testing with Accessi.org\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/\">Accessi.org<\/a> also offers manual accessibility testing services. After an automated audit has been completed on your website, you can access the manual audit on the sidebar of the page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-311 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-1024x440.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-1024x440.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-768x330.png 768w, https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-1536x659.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/manual-testing-2048x879.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the audit is completed, you will receive a list of recommendations on how to conduct a manual audit on your website.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before and after the problems are rectified, a variety of solutions will be provided for you to choose from, thereby ensuring that your website is accessible to every user.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professionals recommend that accessibility testing be performed manually by professionals with expertise in the field. Experienced users can identify areas where your website is behind the curve. They should be familiar with keyboard-only navigation, browser plugins, and assistive technology and will offer solutions in those areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also essential that manual accessibility testers are conversant with current standards for online accessibility. They must be familiar with the needs of disabled users and the internationally respected WCAG standards to ensure your website meets WCAG 2.1 Level AA accessibility standards.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A manual accessibility test is a manual inspection of your website or application to determine whether it is accessible to users with disabilities. It is essential to run this type of test to catch issues that an automated test may not find.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":459,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions\/459"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.accessi.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}